People say that things go in and out of fashion, but gravestones have long been a traditional way to serve as memorials to our loved ones.
Memorials and gravestones now come in all shapes and sizes that are decorated in a variety of religious symbols or other decorative designs, but the purpose has remained the same.
Here we take a look at the history of gravestones, discuss what the first gravestones were and how gravestones have changed from their early beginnings.
The first gravestones
Gravestones, or grave markers as they were more commonly known, are believed to date back as far as 3,000 B.C. to the Roman and Celtic cultures.
The markers were megalithic monuments and unlike today were used to mark an entire burial chamber rather than a single grave.
In earlier times cemeteries did not exist and people instead had burial plots near their homes where all their family members would be buried together.
Although the first gravestone has not been confirmed, the Mail Online reported back in 2013 that scientists found the first evidence of floral tributes on graves was found at a 13,700-year-old prehistoric burial site in Israel.
Churchyard burials evolve
According to an article on the International Southern Cemetery Gravestones Association, once churchyard burials began to become popular in the 1650s, gravestones began to become more widespread.
Tombstones and monuments made from slate or sandstone were put up to commemorate the deceased and from this point inscriptions were carved on the slate.
The beginning of inscriptions
In the 19th century the importance of gravestones to honour the dead increased and this is where inscriptions began to become more widespread.
Gravestones now started to include a few words about the deceased by loved ones or friends. Information included details about date of birth, date of death and the name of the deceased.
During the Victorian era, which is 1837-1901, more elaborate monuments and gravestones began to appear and popular materials included marble, wood, iron and granite.
Gravestones for all classes
During the Victorian era poorer people began to commemorate the dead with memorials and gone were the days where only the upper class could afford to commemorate the deceased.
The creation of war memorials
Today people can travel to countries such as France to see the beautiful war memorials that mark the lives of all the brave soldiers that sadly lost their lives, but when did war memorials begin to appear?
In Glasgow and Salford there are monuments that remember the Crimean War, which dates back to 1853-1856. The take-off point for war memorials, however, began following the Boer War in 1899-1902.
After the Boer War, statues and monuments were erected to celebrate the lives of soldiers from districts who were killed during the bloody battle.
This has since led to war memorials being created for the First World War, Second World War and other wars since.
Memorials have become more extravagant
Since the beginning of the humble gravestones, where a number of stones were used to show where a deceased person lies to rest, modern gravestones have developed to include the likes of memorial vases, plaques and kerbed memorials.
Monuments remembering large-scale tragedies have also developed, with the World Trade Center Memorial in New York a stunning example that was built to remember the casualties from 9/11.
~Information obtained from AKLander blogpost.
Showing posts with label British. Show all posts
Showing posts with label British. Show all posts
Friday, October 18, 2019
Friday, August 4, 2017
A Bit of Olde English Slang
British writer Andrew Foster penned the book, "Passing English of the Victorian era, a dictionary of heterodox English, slang and phrase," under his pseudonym James Redding Ware. This is just a taste of the colorful and fanciful phrases that have fallen out of use.
1. AFTERNOONIFIED
A society word meaning "smart.” Forrester demonstrates the usage: "The goods are not 'afternoonified' enough for me.”
2. ARFARFAN'ARF
A figure of speech used to describe drunken men. "He's very arf'arf'an'arf," Forrester writes, "meaning he has had many ‘arfs,'” or half-pints of booze.
3. BACK SLANG IT
Thieves used this term to indicate that they wanted "to go out the back way.”
4. BAGS O' MYSTERY
An 1850 term for sausages, "because no man but the maker knows what is in them. ... The 'bag' refers to the gut which contained the chopped meat.”
5. BANG UP TO THE ELEPHANT
This phrase originated in London in 1882, and means "perfect, complete, unapproachable.”
6. BATTY-FANG
Low London phrase meaning "to thrash thoroughly,” possibly from the French battre a fin.
7. BENJO
Nineteenth century sailor slang for "A riotous holiday, a noisy day in the streets.”
8. BOW WOW MUTTON
A naval term referring to meat so bad "it might be dog flesh.”
9. BRICKY
Brave or fearless. "Adroit after the manner of a brick," Forrester writes, "said even of the other sex, 'What a bricky girl she is.'”
10. BUBBLE AROUND
A verbal attack, generally made via the press. Forrester cites The Golden Butterfly: "I will back a first-class British subject for bubbling around against all humanity."
11. BUTTER UPON BACON
Extravagance. Too much extravagance. "Are you going to put lace over the feather, isn't that rather butter upon bacon?”
12. CAT-LAP
A London society term for tea and coffee "used scornfully by drinkers of beer and strong waters ... in club-life is one of the more ignominious names given to champagne by men who prefer stronger liquors.”
13. CHURCH-BELL
A talkative woman.
14. CHUCKABOO
A nickname given to a close friend.
15. COLLIE SHANGLES
Quarrels. A term from Queen Victoria's journal, More Leaves, published in 1884: "At five minutes to eleven rode off with Beatrice, good Sharp going with us, and having occasional collie shangles (a Scottish word for quarrels or rows, but taken from fights between dogs) with collies when we came near cottages."
16. COP A MOUSE
To get a black eye. "Cop in this sense is to catch or suffer," Forrester writers, "while the colour of the obligation at its worst suggests the colour and size of the innocent animal named.”
17. DADDLES
A delightful way to refer to your rather boring hands.
18. DAMFINO
This creative cuss is a contraction of "damned if I know.”
19. DIZZY AGE
A phrase meaning "elderly," because it "makes the spectator giddy to think of the victim's years." The term is usually refers to "a maiden or other woman canvassed by other maiden ladies or others.”
20. DOING THE BEAR
"Courting that involves hugging."
21. DON'T SELL ME A DOG
Popular until 1870, this phrase meant "Don't lie to me!” Apparently, people who sold dogs back in the day were prone to trying to pass off mutts as purebreds.
22. DOOR-KNOCKER
A type of beard "formed by the cheeks and chin being shaved leaving a chain of hair under the chin,
and upon each side of mouth forming with moustache something like a door-knocker."
23. ENTHUZIMUZZY
"Satirical reference to enthusiasm." Created by Braham the terror, whoever that is.
24. FIFTEEN PUZZLE
Not the game you might be familiar with, but a term meaning complete and absolute confusion.
25. FLY RINK
An 1875 term for a polished bald head.
26. GAL-SNEAKER
An 1870 term for "a man devoted to seduction.”
27. GAS-PIPES
A term for especially tight pants.
28. GIGGLEMUG
"An habitually smiling face.”
29. GOT THE MORBS
Use of this 1880 phrase indicated temporary melancholy.
30. HALF-RATS
Partially intoxicated.
31. JAMMIEST BITS OF JAM
"Absolutely perfect young females,” circa 1883.
32. KRUGER-SPOOF
Lying, from 1896.
33. MAD AS HOPS
Excitable.
34. MAFFICKING
An excellent word that means getting rowdy in the streets.
35. MAKE A STUFFED BIRD LAUGH
"Absolutely preposterous.”
36. MEATER
A street term meaning coward.
37. MIND THE GREASE
When walking or otherwise getting around, you could ask people to let you pass, please. Or you could ask them to mind the grease, which meant the same thing to Victorians.
38. MUTTON SHUNTER
This 1883 term for a policeman is so much better than "pig."
39. NANTY NARKING
A tavern term, popular from 1800 to 1840, that meant great fun.
40. NOSE BAGGER
Someone who takes a day trip to the beach. He brings his own provisions and doesn't contribute at all to the resort he's visiting.
41. NOT UP TO DICK
Not well.
42. ORF CHUMP
No appetite.
43. PARISH PICK-AXE
A prominent nose.
44. PODSNAPPERY
This term, Forrester writers, describes a person with a "wilful determination to ignore the objectionable or inconvenient, at the same time assuming airs of superior virtue and noble resignation.”
45. POKED UP
Embarrassed.
46. POWDERING HAIR
An 18th century tavern term that means "getting drunk.”
47. RAIN NAPPER
An umbrella.
48. SAUCE-BOX
The mouth.
49. SHAKE A FLANNIN
Why say you're going to fight when you could say you're going to shake a flannin instead?
50. SHOOT INTO THE BROWN
To fail. According to Forrester, "The phrase takes its rise from rifle practice, where the queer shot misses the black and white target altogether, and shoots into the brown i.e., the earth butt."
51. SKILAMALINK
Secret, shady, doubtful.
52. SMOTHERING A PARROT
Drinking a glass of absinthe neat; named for the green color of the booze.
53. SUGGESTIONIZE
A legal term from 1889 meaning "to prompt.”
54. TAKE THE EGG
To win.
55. UMBLE-CUM-STUMBLE
According to Forrester, this low class phrase means "thoroughly understood."
56. WHOOPERUPS
A term meaning "inferior, noisy singers" that could be used liberally today during karaoke sessions.
Source: Passing English of the Victorian era, a dictionary of heterodox English, slang and phrase, by J. Redding Ware; 1909; Routledge, London.
1. AFTERNOONIFIED
A society word meaning "smart.” Forrester demonstrates the usage: "The goods are not 'afternoonified' enough for me.”
2. ARFARFAN'ARF
A figure of speech used to describe drunken men. "He's very arf'arf'an'arf," Forrester writes, "meaning he has had many ‘arfs,'” or half-pints of booze.
3. BACK SLANG IT
Thieves used this term to indicate that they wanted "to go out the back way.”
4. BAGS O' MYSTERY
An 1850 term for sausages, "because no man but the maker knows what is in them. ... The 'bag' refers to the gut which contained the chopped meat.”
5. BANG UP TO THE ELEPHANT
This phrase originated in London in 1882, and means "perfect, complete, unapproachable.”
6. BATTY-FANG
Low London phrase meaning "to thrash thoroughly,” possibly from the French battre a fin.
7. BENJO
Nineteenth century sailor slang for "A riotous holiday, a noisy day in the streets.”
8. BOW WOW MUTTON
A naval term referring to meat so bad "it might be dog flesh.”
9. BRICKY
Brave or fearless. "Adroit after the manner of a brick," Forrester writes, "said even of the other sex, 'What a bricky girl she is.'”
10. BUBBLE AROUND
A verbal attack, generally made via the press. Forrester cites The Golden Butterfly: "I will back a first-class British subject for bubbling around against all humanity."
11. BUTTER UPON BACON
Extravagance. Too much extravagance. "Are you going to put lace over the feather, isn't that rather butter upon bacon?”
A London society term for tea and coffee "used scornfully by drinkers of beer and strong waters ... in club-life is one of the more ignominious names given to champagne by men who prefer stronger liquors.”
13. CHURCH-BELL
A talkative woman.
14. CHUCKABOO
A nickname given to a close friend.
15. COLLIE SHANGLES
Quarrels. A term from Queen Victoria's journal, More Leaves, published in 1884: "At five minutes to eleven rode off with Beatrice, good Sharp going with us, and having occasional collie shangles (a Scottish word for quarrels or rows, but taken from fights between dogs) with collies when we came near cottages."
16. COP A MOUSE
To get a black eye. "Cop in this sense is to catch or suffer," Forrester writers, "while the colour of the obligation at its worst suggests the colour and size of the innocent animal named.”
17. DADDLES
A delightful way to refer to your rather boring hands.
18. DAMFINO
This creative cuss is a contraction of "damned if I know.”
19. DIZZY AGE
A phrase meaning "elderly," because it "makes the spectator giddy to think of the victim's years." The term is usually refers to "a maiden or other woman canvassed by other maiden ladies or others.”
20. DOING THE BEAR
"Courting that involves hugging."
21. DON'T SELL ME A DOG
Popular until 1870, this phrase meant "Don't lie to me!” Apparently, people who sold dogs back in the day were prone to trying to pass off mutts as purebreds.
22. DOOR-KNOCKER
A type of beard "formed by the cheeks and chin being shaved leaving a chain of hair under the chin,
23. ENTHUZIMUZZY
"Satirical reference to enthusiasm." Created by Braham the terror, whoever that is.
24. FIFTEEN PUZZLE
Not the game you might be familiar with, but a term meaning complete and absolute confusion.
25. FLY RINK
An 1875 term for a polished bald head.
26. GAL-SNEAKER
An 1870 term for "a man devoted to seduction.”
27. GAS-PIPES
A term for especially tight pants.
28. GIGGLEMUG
"An habitually smiling face.”
29. GOT THE MORBS
Use of this 1880 phrase indicated temporary melancholy.
30. HALF-RATS
Partially intoxicated.
31. JAMMIEST BITS OF JAM
"Absolutely perfect young females,” circa 1883.
32. KRUGER-SPOOF
Lying, from 1896.
33. MAD AS HOPS
Excitable.
34. MAFFICKING
An excellent word that means getting rowdy in the streets.
35. MAKE A STUFFED BIRD LAUGH
"Absolutely preposterous.”
36. MEATER
A street term meaning coward.
37. MIND THE GREASE
When walking or otherwise getting around, you could ask people to let you pass, please. Or you could ask them to mind the grease, which meant the same thing to Victorians.
38. MUTTON SHUNTER
This 1883 term for a policeman is so much better than "pig."
39. NANTY NARKING
A tavern term, popular from 1800 to 1840, that meant great fun.
40. NOSE BAGGER
Someone who takes a day trip to the beach. He brings his own provisions and doesn't contribute at all to the resort he's visiting.
41. NOT UP TO DICK
Not well.
42. ORF CHUMP
No appetite.
43. PARISH PICK-AXE
A prominent nose.
44. PODSNAPPERY
This term, Forrester writers, describes a person with a "wilful determination to ignore the objectionable or inconvenient, at the same time assuming airs of superior virtue and noble resignation.”
45. POKED UP
Embarrassed.
An 18th century tavern term that means "getting drunk.”
47. RAIN NAPPER
An umbrella.
48. SAUCE-BOX
The mouth.
49. SHAKE A FLANNIN
Why say you're going to fight when you could say you're going to shake a flannin instead?
50. SHOOT INTO THE BROWN
To fail. According to Forrester, "The phrase takes its rise from rifle practice, where the queer shot misses the black and white target altogether, and shoots into the brown i.e., the earth butt."
51. SKILAMALINK
Secret, shady, doubtful.
52. SMOTHERING A PARROT
Drinking a glass of absinthe neat; named for the green color of the booze.
53. SUGGESTIONIZE
A legal term from 1889 meaning "to prompt.”
54. TAKE THE EGG
To win.
55. UMBLE-CUM-STUMBLE
According to Forrester, this low class phrase means "thoroughly understood."
56. WHOOPERUPS
A term meaning "inferior, noisy singers" that could be used liberally today during karaoke sessions.
Source: Passing English of the Victorian era, a dictionary of heterodox English, slang and phrase, by J. Redding Ware; 1909; Routledge, London.
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